Le mot reptile vient du latin reptilis, lui-même dérivé du mot « repo » qui veut dire ramper. Contrairement à ce que leur appellation laisse penser, à part certaines espèces incluant les serpents et celles qui n’ont pas de pattes, qui ne représentent d’ailleurs qu’une minorité, les reptiles ne rampent pas. Quelles sont les particularités des reptiles et combien en existe-t-il ?
Caractéristiques générales des reptiles
Généralement, ce sont des vertébrés terrestres qui, contrairement aux mammifères, sont à sang froid. Ils sont ainsi incapables de produire de la chaleur et qui doivent alors se réchauffer grâce à un apport de chaleur extérieur comme celle apportée par le soleil par exemple. Ils sont alors appelés ectothermes, car ils régulent leur température interne en fonction de la température externe.
Leur corps est recouvert d’écailles en totalité dans la plupart des cas. Ce sont des plaques épidermiques. Lorsqu’ils grandissent, ce revêtement devient trop petit pour eux alors il casse et se détache. C’est la mue.Chez certaines espèces la peau est protégée par des plaques osseuses comme la carapace des tortues par exemple.Les reptiles ainsi, ne possèdent pas de poils. Bien qu’ils respirent avec des poumons, ils ne possèdent pas de diaphragme.
Si la plupart des reptiles sont ovipares (pondent des œufs), certains sont ovovivipares. Leurs œufs éclosent dans le ventre de la mère, c’est pourquoi on voit des caméléons ou des serpents « accoucher ».
Combien de reptiles existe-t-il sans le monde ?
La classe des reptiles compte aujourd’hui 4 grands ordres
· L’ordre des rhynchocéphales
L’ordre des rhynchocéphales ne comprend plus qu’une espèce à ce jour. Il s’agit des sphénodons, reptiles endémiques de la Nouvelle-Zélande. Son aspect se trouve à mi-chemin entre celui d’un lézard et celui d’un iguane.
· L’ordre des squamates
Les squamates englobent les lézards, les serpents, les iguanes ainsi que les amphisbènes (reptiles fouisseurs parfois dépourvus de pattes d’où leur ressemblance avec les vers de terre). C’est l’ordre qui regroupe les plus d’espèces. On en distingue pas moins de 7900 partout dans le monde.
· L’ordre des testudines
Dans cet ordre on regroupe toutes les tortues terrestres, les tortues aquatiques et les tortues marines. Il existe plus de 425 espèces de chéloniens répartis dans 14 familles. Ils se distinguent bien évidemment par la présence de leur carapace ainsi que leur mâchoire munie d’un bec.
· L’ordre des crocodiliens
Les crocodiles, les gavials, les caïmans ainsi que les alligators font partie de cet ordre. Ils font partie des plus vieux reptiles connus à ce jour. Ce sont également des prédateurs redoutables aussi bien sur terre que sous l’eau. Si l’on distingue facilement les gavials et les caïmans, on confond souvent les alligators et les crocodiles. Une vingtaine d’espèces de crocodiliens sont répertoriées parmi lesquels on trouve le crocodile marin, l’alligator de Chine et le Crocodile de Madagascar, un cousin très proche du crocodile du Nil.
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As beforehand mentioned, the anabolic steroid black market was virtually nonexistent at the time.
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Despite the large anabolic power of Fluoxymesterone, it’s not identified to be efficient in humans.
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